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This list is in alphabetical order.
Please scroll down or click on the letter below.
A B
C D E F
G H I J
K L M N
O P Q R
S T U V
W X Y Z
Absorption
– The process in which digested food is absorbed into the
blood stream.
Adipose – Having to do with
fat.
Amenorrhea – Abnormal ending
of menstruation without the presence of pregnancy or lactation.
Anastomosis – Surgical connection
between the stomach and the small intestine.
Anemia – A condition in
which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood
is less than normal. Anemia is usually detected/confirmed
by a complete blood cell (CBC) count.
Asthma/Pulmonary disorder
– A disease of the bronchial tubes in which breathing becomes
difficult. This is caused by a narrowing of the bronchial
tubes, swelling of the lining of these airways, and an overproduction
of mucus.
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Bariatrics
– Medical specialty related to the causes, prevention, and
treatment of obesity.
BMI – Body Mass Index. A
measurement of the relative percentages of fat and muscle
mass in the human body. BMI can be calculated with the formula:
Bowel obstruction - A partial
or complete blockage of the passageways in the small intestine.
Obstruction can occur for many reasons including postoperative
adhesions, Crohn’s disease, and hernias.
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Cardiovascular disease
– A classification of diseases which affects the heart and
its branches and/or the peripheral vascular system.
Center of Excellence – A
distinguished designation granted by the American Society
for Bariatric Surgery to surgical centers and hospitals with
the best surgical outcomes and clinical practices.
Cholesterol –The sum of
all the cholesterol in your blood. High cholesterol levels
are associated with greater risk for heart disease.
Colon - Part of the large
intestine that removes water from digested food so that solid
waste, called stool, can pass through the rectum and leave
the body.
Comorbidities – Life-threatening
diseases directly caused by morbid obesity or made worse by
morbid obesity.
Congestive heart failure
– A disorder in which the heart loses its ability to pump
blood efficiently. The term "heart failure" should
not be confused with cardiac arrest, a situation in which
the heart actually stops beating.
Contraindications – Symptoms or situations
which make an otherwise recommended treatment inappropriate
(i.e., alcoholism, drug dependency, severe depression, etc.).
Core muscles – Stabilizing muscles of the
spine and torso that provide the foundation for all movements.
When these muscles contract, the spine, pelvis and shoulders
receive a solid base of support so that powerful movements
of the extremities can be generated.
Training the muscles of the core also corrects postural imbalances
that may cause injury. Core training develops functional fitness,
that which is essential to the performance of regular daily
activities.
Coronary artery disease – A disease in which
there is a gradual buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries
circling the heart. Commonly called atherosclerosis ("hardening
of the arteries"), this condition interferes with the
blood’s ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body.
Criteria - Defines what
is appropriate for surgery.
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Degeneratvie Joint
Disease (DJD) – Another term for osteoarthritis,
a disease characterized by pain and inflammation in the weight
bearing joints. This occurs from a progressive loss of cartilage
in the joints, commonly the hips, knees, and spine, but it
can also affect any joint with previous injury from trauma,
infection, or inflammation.
Depression – A mood disorder
causing overwhelming feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
If left untreated, depression can compromise the activities
of daily living.
Diabetes – Diabetes is a disease in which
sugars in the blood, called glucose, are above normal. This
occurs because the hormone insulin created by the pancreas,
cannot process the glucose properly for energy use.
Digestion – The process in which food is
broken down in the intestine into absorbable forms of energy
for the body to use.
Dilation – The process of
enlarging or further opening a passage or anastomosis.
Dumping syndrome – Unpleasant
symptoms of nausea, uncomfortable fullness, cramping &
diarrhea, or weakness, fatigue, sweating, and a fast heart
rate that occur as a result of concentrated sugar consumption
after gastric bypass surgery.
Duodenum – The first section
of the small intestine immediately below the stomach. Bile
and pancreatic fluids flow into the duodenum through ducts
from the liver and pancreas.
Dyslipidemia –- A disorder
in which the total cholesterol concentration in the blood
is too high or imbalanced from high levels of the "bad"
cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides) and
low levels of the "good" cholesterols (high-density
lipoproteins).
Dysmenorrhea – A common
occurrence of severe pain during the menstrual cycle.
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Food intolerances
– Unpleasant physical reaction to foods or beverages that
are consumed. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, cramping,
bloating, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort.
Gallstones – Deposits of
cholesterol and bile salts that form inside the gallbladder.
Symptomatic gallstones usually cause sudden, severe abdominal
pain and may require gallbladder removal.
Gastric pouch – the small portion of the
stomach that continues to receive consumed food and beverages
after gastric bypass surgery. This pouch is separated from
the bypassed portion or body of the stomach with non-reactive
titanium staples.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
– A disease in which frequent and persistent heartburn after
eating or bending over is caused by an abnormal backflow,
or reflux, of gastric acid and juices into the esophagus.
This occurs because the valve at the lower end of the esophagus
(the lower esophageal sphincter) does not close tightly enough.
Gastrointestinal – Having
to do with the stomach or intestines.
Gastrojejunostomy anastomosis
– Refers to the upper connection of stomach pouch to a portion
of the small intestine in gastric bypass surgery.
Genetic – Factors related
to inherited physical characteristics.
Ghrelin – A stomach hormone
that has significant effects on appetite and energy balance.
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Heart disease
– A structural or functional abnormality of the heart, or
of the blood vessels supplying the heart, that impairs its
normal functioning.
Hernia – A defect in the
abdominal wall that occurs when a portion of the small intestine
or other tissue pushes through a healing, but weakened opening.
Hyperosmolality – Having
highly concentrated substances capable of causing dumping
syndrome.
Hyper-Insulinemia –is an
endocrine disorder which occurs when insulin progressively
loses its ability to move glucose from the blood stream into
the cells for energy. As a result, insulin and glucose levels
rise in the blood, and arteries and other blood vessels are
damaged.
Hyperlipidemia – High levels
of fat in the blood. This is associated with high cholesterol
and triglyceride levels.
Hypertension – High blood
pressure (≥ 140/90 mm Hg)
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Ideal Body Weight
– Based upon gender and height, this calculation determines
a body weight goal for optimum health and body functioning.
To find your ideal body weight, use this formula: (height
(inches) – 60) x 3 + 119
Infertility – A disease
of the reproductive system that impairs conception of children.
Intestinal leakage – Leak of digestive fluid after gastric
bypass surgery along any of the staple lines. Although rare,
this is a potential risk of surgery and may require additional
procedures to repair the leak.
Jejunum – The second portion
of the small intestine, just after the duodenum.
Ketosis
– An abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the body in conditions
of reduced or disturbed carbohydrate metabolism (as in uncontrolled
diabetes).
Kidney stones – A hard mass
of crystals that separate from the urine and build up along
the inner surfaces of the kidney. Normally, urine contains
chemical inhibitors that prevent crystals from forming, however,
if there is a problem with this reaction, stones can develop.
Lactose intolerance – Inability
to digest lactose (milk or milk products) usually accompanied
by symptoms of abdominal cramping, bloating, diarrhea, nausea,
abdominal pain, etc. Gastric bypass may cause lactose intolerance
in a person who had no problems with lactose digestion before
surgery. A variety of lactose-free products are available
at most grocery stores.
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Laparoscopy – A surgical method in which
long, fiber optic instruments are inserted through several
small incisions to treat intra-abdominal problems.
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
(Lap banding) – A restrictive weight loss surgery
procedure that limits the amount of food the stomach can hold
at one time. The degree of restriction can easily be adjusted
or reversed by tightening or removing the silicone band that
is wrapped around the upper part of the stomach.
Loss of appetite – This
frequently occurs after gastric bypass surgery and may last
up to one year or longer. Therefore it is important to learn
to eat throughout the day even if you are not hungry. Your
dietitian can help you optimize your nutritional intake after
surgery through follow up classes and one on one counseling
as needed.
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Malabsorptive – A term used
to classify one type of weight loss surgery method. This method
bypasses part of the small intestine so that absorption of
nutrients is compromised.
Menstrual irregularity –
An irregular menstrual cycle typified by extended periods
or prolonged delay of menstruation. Although girls and teenagers
who begin menstruation usually have irregular periods, adult
women may also have irregular cycles. This can be attributed
to problems in the uterus or ovaries and should be evaluated
by a physician to rule out disease.
Metabolism – The chemical
processes occurring within a living cell or organism that
are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some
substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes
while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized.
Multidisciplinary Bariatric Program
– A team approach to the treatment of morbid obesity including
surgical, medical, nutrition, psychological, and exercise
components.
Mortality – death.
Morbid obesity – The condition
of weighing at least 100 pounds over ideal body weight. This
classification of obesity is the most severe, often associated
with many other diseases, and in itself, may shorten a person’s
life.
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Nausea –
symptoms describing an upset or queasy stomach
Open procedure
- Making an incision to do the operation; opening the abdomen.
Osteoarthritis – Can be
used interchangeably with degenerative joint disease, a disease
characterized by pain and inflammation in the weight bearing
joints. This occurs from a progressive loss of cartilage in
the joints, commonly the hips, knees, and spine, but it can
also affect any joint with previous injury from trauma, infection,
or inflammation.
Overeating – Almost all
people who require gastric bypass surgery have had problems
with overeating. The causes for this are complex, involving
genetics, emotions, environment, and even certain functions
of the brain. Education, counseling, and group support can
help prevent overeating after surgery, and are just as important
as diet and exercise to the success of the operation.
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Peripheral neuropathy
– Damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system characterized
by compromised or total loss of sensation commonly caused
by diabetes.
Physical activit – The amount
of energy the body burns during daily activities such as exercise,
recreation, work, housework, etc. Daily physical activities
account for 20 - 40% of calories burned each day. This part
will vary depending on the individual and how active they
are each day.
Pre-op – Before surgery
(Pre Operation). The time and events prior to surgery.
Post-op – After surgery
(Post Operation).The time and events after surgery.
Panniculectomy – The removal
of excess sagging tissue and skin from the abdomen (“tummy
tuck”).
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Respiratory disease
– A classification of diseases, including asthma, lung cancer,
and tuberculosis, that harm the respiratory system. Illness
is often associated with minor respiratory problems like sore
throat, cough, or bronchitis.
Resting Metabolic Rate: This is the amount of calories needed
to run all essential functions and chemical reactions while
in a rested and quiet state. RMR is the largest part of total
metabolism and accounts for 65 - 75% of calories burned in
a day.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass – A combination
procedure in which a small “pouch” is created from permanent
surgical division of the stomach to restrict the volume of
food that can be eaten. This pouch is then connected directly
to the jejunum (the latter portion of the small intestine)
causing malabsorption of some nutrients, vitamins, and minerals.
The remaining portion of the stomach stays intact while the
bypassed portion of the small intestine continues to drain
bile and pancreatic juices at another connection further down
the intestine.
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Sleep apnea
– A condition in which breathing temporarily stops or becomes
shallow during sleep. Most commonly, obstructive sleep apnea
is associated with obesity. This occurs when air cannot flow
into your lungs through your mouth and nose, and if prolonged,
the amount of oxygen in your blood drops.
Staples – Surgically sterile
devices for connecting tissue; usually they are permanent
and made of stainless steel or titanium.
Stricture/Esophagitis –
An abnormal narrowing in the region where the esophagus meets
the gastric pouch. This usually requires a minor procedure
to dilate the stricture.
Stroke – A condition in
which blood flow to the brain is temporarily blocked by a
clot. Without oxygen and nutrients from blood, brain cells
begin to die immediately. The severity of the stroke often
depends upon the area of the brain affected and the duration
of the blockage.
Synergy –The interaction
of two or more forces so that their combined effect is greater
than the sum of their individual effects.
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Target Heart Rate
– A heart rate goal of the most efficient speed during exercise.
Target heart rate is often described as a range of 60 – 80
% of your maximum heart rate. To find your target zone:
1. Find your maximum heart rate (MHR) by subtracting your
age from 220
2. Multiple (MHR) by 0.60 = lower end of the target heart
rate zone
3. Multiply (MHR) by 0.80 = upper end of the target heart
rate zone
Try to work within this zone during exercise. Remember, this
may be difficult to achieve if you are not physically conditioned
and everyone should seek the advice of a physician before
starting an exercise program.
Urinary stress incontinence
– Involuntary loss of urine during physical activity that
occurs a result of diminished strength in the urethral sphincter.
This condition is commonly associated with severe obesity.
Vertical banded gastroplasty
– A restrictive weight loss surgery procedure in which the
upper part of the stomach is stapled vertically to create
a small pouch. The outlet from the pouch to the rest of the
stomach is restricted by a band delays the emptying of food
from the pouch creating a feeling of fullness.
Vitamin/mineral deficiency –
Insufficient amounts of vitamins and/or minerals in the blood
due to diet or supplementation inadequacies. Malabsorption
of essential vitamins and minerals after weight loss surgery
poses multiple challenges to maintenance of optimal health
and prevention of chronic diseases.
Vomiting (or emesis)
– Forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth.
Occasionally after gastric bypass, food intolerances or eating
too quickly may cause vomiting.
Weight loss plateau: A phase of weight reduction in which
there is no loss of weight or inches for at least four inches
despite adherence to a strict diet and activity regimen.
WLS – An acronym for weight loss surgery.
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